Effect of Citrofortunella microcarpa (Calamansi) Peelings on Whole Blood Coagulation Using Blood Samples from Albino Mice
Article Sidebar
Published
Dec 17, 2020
Page:
51-56
Main Article Content
Ian Christopher N. Rocha
School of Medicine, Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines.
Shannon Jean R. Roque
School of Medicine, Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines.
Lerrice G. Tanyag
School of Medicine, Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines.
Katherine A. Reyes
School of Medicine, Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines.
Ma. Ann Miyel M. Sigui
School of Medicine, Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines.
Abstract
Citrofortunella microcarpa, locally known as calamansi in the Philippines, is an intergeneric hybrid between Citrus reticulata and Fortunella japonica. This fruit is widely cultivated in the Philippines for its fruit juice as an abundant source of vitamin C and as a condiment in many local foods in the country. Sadly, only the pulp is needed for squeezing while the peels are thrown after extracting the juice. Previous studies revealed that the peels of Citrus, as member of the Rutaceae family, can synthesize both coumarins and furanocoumarins wherein their derivates are used as oral anticoagulants which can inhibit vitamin K from functioning as a cofactor in the hepatic synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. In this study, the extract of calamansi peelings were proven to have an anticoagulant property on blood samples from albino mice. This study will pave the way for scientists to allot time in studying calamansi peelings for it may be another source of medicine to help patients who are prone to have stroke, myocardial infarction, and other blood clotting diseases.
Keywords:
Calamansi peelings, Citrofortunella microcarpa, citrus, rutaceae, anticoagulant, whole blood coagulation.
Article Details
How to Cite
Rocha, I. C. N., Roque, S. J. R., Tanyag, L. G., Reyes, K. A., & Sigui, M. A. M. M. (2020). Effect of Citrofortunella microcarpa (Calamansi) Peelings on Whole Blood Coagulation Using Blood Samples from Albino Mice. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 12(1), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2020/v12i130200
Section
Original Research Article
References
De Guzman-Ladion H. Healing wonders of herbs: Guide to the effective use of medicinal plants. Manila, Philippines: Philippine Publishing House; 1985.
Madaleno IM. Food and medicinal plants consumed in Manila, the Philippines. W I T Press; 2017. Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/CC170201
Morte MYT, Acero LH. Potential of calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit peels extract in lowering the blood glucose level of Streptozotocin-induced albino rats (Rattus albus). International Journal of Food Engineering. 2017;3(1): 29-34. Avaialble:http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijfe.3.1.29-34
Purchon N. The essential natural health bible. New South Wales, Australia: Millennium House Pty Ltd; 2009.
Dugrand-Judek A, Olry A, Hehn A, Costantino G, Ollitraut P, Froelicher Y. The distribution of coumarins and furanocoumarins in Citrus species closely matches Citrus phylogeny and reflects the organization of biosynthetic pathways. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(11). Available:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142757
Loncar M, Jakovljevic M, Subaric D, Pavlic M, Sluzek VB, Cindric I, Molnar M. Coumarins in food and methods of their determination. Foods. 2020;9(5):645. Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050645
Riaz A, Khan RA, Mirza T, Mustansir T, Ahmed M. In vitro/in vivo effect of Citrus limon (L. Burm. F.) juice on blood parameters, coagulation and anticoagulation factors in rabbits. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017;27(4):907-915.
Reuvers M. (2007). Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic drugs. In C. Schaefer, P. Peters, & R. K. Miller (Eds.), Drugs during pregnancy and lactation: Treatment options and risk assessment, (2nd ed.). 2007;237-253. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52072-2.50013-6
Jain PK, Joshi H. Coumarin: Chemical and pharmacologic profile. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2012;2(6):236-240. Available:https://www.japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/538_pdf.pdf
Venugopala KN, Rashmi V, Odhav B. Review on natural coumarin lead compounds for their pharmacological activity. BioMed Research Inter-national. 2013;2013:963248. Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/963248
Lake B. Synthesis and pharmacological investigation of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivates and shown as anti-coagulant. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 1999;3: 412-423.
Ojala T. Biological screening of plant coumarins [Doctoral dissertation, University of Helsinki]; 2001. Available:https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/14914692.pdf
Gonzalez-Molina E, Domínguez-Perles R, Moreno DA, Garcia-Viguera C. Natural bioactive compounds of Citrus limon for food and health. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2010;51(2):327–345. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2009.07.027
Arias BA, Ramon-Laca L. Pharmaco-logical properties of citrus and their ancient and medieval uses in the Mediterranean region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2005;97(1):89–95. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.019
Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollmann BC. Goodman and Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, (13th ed.). United States: McGraw Hill Education; 2018.
Kasperkiewicz K, Ponczek MB, Owczarek J, Guga P, Budzisz E. Antagonists of Vitamin K-Popular Coumarin Drugs and New Synthetic and Natural Coumarin Derivatives. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;25(6): 1465. Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061465
Page C. Heparin and related drugs: beyond anticoagulant activity. ISRN Pharmacology. 2013;2013:910743. Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/910743
Onishi A, St. Ange K, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Heparin and anticoagulation. Frontiers in Bioscience. 2016;21:1372-1392. Available:https://doi.org/10.2741/4462
American Heart Association. What is excessive blood clotting (hypercoagulation)?; 2020. Available:https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/venous-thromboembolism/what-is-excessive-blood-clotting-hypercoagulation
Madaleno IM. Food and medicinal plants consumed in Manila, the Philippines. W I T Press; 2017. Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/CC170201
Morte MYT, Acero LH. Potential of calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit peels extract in lowering the blood glucose level of Streptozotocin-induced albino rats (Rattus albus). International Journal of Food Engineering. 2017;3(1): 29-34. Avaialble:http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijfe.3.1.29-34
Purchon N. The essential natural health bible. New South Wales, Australia: Millennium House Pty Ltd; 2009.
Dugrand-Judek A, Olry A, Hehn A, Costantino G, Ollitraut P, Froelicher Y. The distribution of coumarins and furanocoumarins in Citrus species closely matches Citrus phylogeny and reflects the organization of biosynthetic pathways. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(11). Available:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142757
Loncar M, Jakovljevic M, Subaric D, Pavlic M, Sluzek VB, Cindric I, Molnar M. Coumarins in food and methods of their determination. Foods. 2020;9(5):645. Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050645
Riaz A, Khan RA, Mirza T, Mustansir T, Ahmed M. In vitro/in vivo effect of Citrus limon (L. Burm. F.) juice on blood parameters, coagulation and anticoagulation factors in rabbits. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017;27(4):907-915.
Reuvers M. (2007). Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic drugs. In C. Schaefer, P. Peters, & R. K. Miller (Eds.), Drugs during pregnancy and lactation: Treatment options and risk assessment, (2nd ed.). 2007;237-253. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52072-2.50013-6
Jain PK, Joshi H. Coumarin: Chemical and pharmacologic profile. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2012;2(6):236-240. Available:https://www.japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/538_pdf.pdf
Venugopala KN, Rashmi V, Odhav B. Review on natural coumarin lead compounds for their pharmacological activity. BioMed Research Inter-national. 2013;2013:963248. Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/963248
Lake B. Synthesis and pharmacological investigation of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivates and shown as anti-coagulant. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 1999;3: 412-423.
Ojala T. Biological screening of plant coumarins [Doctoral dissertation, University of Helsinki]; 2001. Available:https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/14914692.pdf
Gonzalez-Molina E, Domínguez-Perles R, Moreno DA, Garcia-Viguera C. Natural bioactive compounds of Citrus limon for food and health. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2010;51(2):327–345. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2009.07.027
Arias BA, Ramon-Laca L. Pharmaco-logical properties of citrus and their ancient and medieval uses in the Mediterranean region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2005;97(1):89–95. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.019
Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollmann BC. Goodman and Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, (13th ed.). United States: McGraw Hill Education; 2018.
Kasperkiewicz K, Ponczek MB, Owczarek J, Guga P, Budzisz E. Antagonists of Vitamin K-Popular Coumarin Drugs and New Synthetic and Natural Coumarin Derivatives. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;25(6): 1465. Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061465
Page C. Heparin and related drugs: beyond anticoagulant activity. ISRN Pharmacology. 2013;2013:910743. Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/910743
Onishi A, St. Ange K, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Heparin and anticoagulation. Frontiers in Bioscience. 2016;21:1372-1392. Available:https://doi.org/10.2741/4462
American Heart Association. What is excessive blood clotting (hypercoagulation)?; 2020. Available:https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/venous-thromboembolism/what-is-excessive-blood-clotting-hypercoagulation